They also don’t scale well to HDR images, which led to the development of many questionable local and global tonemapping methods and the infamous 2010s “HDR look”. Hue and saturation change in unpredictable ways, and value relationships between neighbouring pixels are dilated or compressed such that gradients are also altered unpredictably.ĭisplay-referred pipelines therefore break optical filters (lens blurring or deblurring), alpha compositing (which relies on optical and geometrical definitions of occlusion), colors and gradients (local relationships between chrominance and luminance of pixels). Unfortunately the non-linear scaling, which is mandatory to make the integer encoding work, breaks the natural relationships between pixel values. For example, the overlay blending mode expects a middle-gray encoded at 50% (or 128 in integer encoding). Most of the image-processing algorithms used in these workflows have been tuned around these assumptions. They rely on the assumption that the image has been prepared for display at an early stage in the processing pipeline, and embed hard-coded assumptions about the RGB values of black, middle-gray and white. These workflows, using bounded RGB representations and possibly non-linear transforms to encode RGB signals, are called “display-referred”. Anything outside of this range overflows and is clipped to the nearest bound. The 8 bit integer formats are also technically limited to the 0-255 range. However, due to the use of an integer format (which implies rounding errors) they had to apply a “gamma” (essentially a transfer function applying a power 1/2.2 or 1/2.4 to encode the RGB values) and increase the bit-depth in the low-lights in order to reduce rounding errors there (humans are very sensitive to low-light details).
These applications processed images encoded with 8 bit unsigned integers because it was more memory- and computationally-efficient.
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